We conducted a systematic review based on PRISMA (Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol.To retrieve
all relevant literatures, a sensitive search queryconsisted of terms related to
calcaneus ("calcaneus"[Mesh]) combined with specific terms for
fracture ("Fractures, Bone"[Mesh]), Evaluation Studies as
Topic"[Mesh]) and diagnosis ("Diagnosis"[Mesh]) was used. PubMed
/Medline, ISI web of knowledge, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases were
searched from their beginning to June 2015 to find all citations (Updated in
May 2016).
Detailed search strategy results of each database are
reported in supplementary appendix. There was no limitation in search of
databases. In addition, a search of reference list of included studies, systematic
reviews and meta-analysis was conducted in order to find missed citations.The
literatures met inclusion criteria evaluated calcaneal fracture had reported or
calculable diagnostic accuracy statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive
likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio) offered a diagnostic methodology
to differentiate between fractured bone and non-fractured bone had available
full text written in English language.
The citations with following conditions were excluded
case-reports review studiesnon-research article (all type of letters, comments,
and editorial) cadaveric studies animal studies.Two authors, applying the
inclusion and exclusion criteria, screened all citations and abstracts and
extracted all needed information from included literatures, independently. When
conflicting results was seen between reviewers, a third author (senior
researcher) discussed about disagreement. EndNote X7 software was used to
manage review and organize screening.
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