Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is an
intractable and devastating consequence of degeneration that results in
tremendous impact on daily activities. Painful disabling KOA occurs in more
than 10% of people who are over 55 years old.
Those who are severely disabled
account for up to 25% of aging people and KOA is a major cause of total knee
replacement. Current
osteoarthritis therapies largely rely on rest, weight loss, bracing and
assistive devices, physical modalities, therapeutic exercises, and
pharmacological interventions which are unsatisfactory for the majority of
severe disabled patients, who are left with ambulation deficit despite vigorous
treatment intervention.
Although numerous patients can be
treated with surgery, some of them are not good candidates due to multiple
co-morbidities. For these reasons, intra-articular (IA) treatments that reduce
chronic joint pain and improve function is the long-term effective and safe
alternative options. In a number of recent studies, pain intensity and
functional performance resulted from osteoarthritis has been improved after IA
injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A).
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